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Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

What is Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma cancer?

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) is a type of cancer that starts in the lymphatic system, which is part of the body’s immune system. The lymphatic system includes the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and lymphatic vessels—all of which help fight infections and maintain fluid balance.

In Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, abnormal white blood cells (called lymphocytes) grow uncontrollably and accumulate in the lymph nodes or other parts of the body. These abnormal cells crowd out healthy cells, affecting the body’s ability to fight infection.

Types of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

NHL includes many subtypes, which are usually classified based on how fast they grow and which type of lymphocyte is affected:

  • B-cell lymphomas (most common, about 85–90% of cases)

Examples: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Follicular lymphoma, Mantle cell lymphoma

  • T-cell lymphomas (less common)

Examples: Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, Anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Common Symptoms

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) is a type of cancer that starts in the lymphatic system, which is part of the body’s immune system. The lymphatic system includes the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and lymphatic vessels—all of which help fight infections and maintain fluid balance.

In Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, abnormal white blood cells (called lymphocytes) grow uncontrollably and accumulate in the lymph nodes or other parts of the body. These abnormal cells crowd out healthy cells, affecting the body’s ability to fight infection.

  • Painless swelling in the lymph nodes (neck, armpit, or groin)

  • Persistent fatigue or weakness

  • Fever and night sweats

  • Unexplained weight loss

  • Shortness of breath or chest pain (if lymph nodes press on the chest)

  • Abdominal pain or swelling

Causes & Risk Factors

The exact cause is often unknown, but risk factors may include:

  • Weakened immune system (HIV/AIDS, organ transplant, autoimmune diseases)

  • Certain infections (e.g., Epstein-Barr virus, H. pylori)

  • Exposure to chemicals or radiation

  • Family history of lymphoma

  • Older age (risk increases with age)

Diagnosis​

Diagnosis typically involves:

  • Physical examination and medical history

  • Blood tests

  • Biopsy of lymph node or affected tissue

  • Imaging tests (CT, PET, or MRI scans)

  • Bone marrow examination (in some cases)

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the type and stage of NHL but may include:

  • Chemotherapy

  • Radiation therapy

  • Targeted therapy (e.g., rituximab)

  • Immunotherapy

  • Stem cell or bone marrow transplant

  • CAR-T cell therapy (for certain aggressive types)

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